@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-cyrillic-ext-opsz-normal.DIwfbPUE.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-cyrillic-opsz-normal.C0olyEE-.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-greek-opsz-normal.DrHU7SY7.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+370-377,U+37A-37F,U+384-38A,U+38C,U+38E-3A1,U+3A3-3FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-vietnamese-opsz-normal.BOyYyU_V.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-ext-opsz-normal.HoL-AExg.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-opsz-normal.BpEBLj1O.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-cyrillic-ext-opsz-italic.Bl6DJqma.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-cyrillic-opsz-italic.Dibx14aP.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-greek-opsz-italic.CMW9dfKg.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+370-377,U+37A-37F,U+384-38A,U+38C,U+38E-3A1,U+3A3-3FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-vietnamese-opsz-italic.C-k5pZlm.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-ext-opsz-italic.BhUEwDRF.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:"Source Serif 4 Variable";font-style:italic;font-display:swap;font-weight:200 900;src:url(/_astro/source-serif-4-latin-opsz-italic.BOLXpvkj.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-ext-400-normal.xuaO2J-f.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-ext-400-normal.DMdlQ8Kv.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-400-normal.BSMlKf0J.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-400-normal.CEL4l2ZJ.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-vietnamese-400-normal.BulugwFq.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-vietnamese-400-normal.DDuiU_S-.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-ext-400-normal.BmRBH3aV.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-ext-400-normal.D3D2R8hC.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-400-normal.DMJ8VG8y.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-400-normal.CvHOgSBP.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-ext-500-normal.BqneJy0T.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-ext-500-normal.BIfNGwUT.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-500-normal.Bq9vWWag.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-cyrillic-500-normal.Ael50iVv.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-vietnamese-500-normal.DZ4AoWbu.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-vietnamese-500-normal.C8zxqsMH.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-ext-500-normal.CAhNIIs5.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-ext-500-normal.CZ70TYgx.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;src:url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-500-normal.DSY6xOcd.woff2)format("woff2"),url(/_astro/ibm-plex-mono-latin-500-normal.CB9ihrfo.woff)format("woff");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{color-scheme:dark;--void:#08090c;--void-raised:#0e1115;--line:#1b2027;--line-strong:#2c343e;--ink:#c5cad1;--ink-strong:#eceef1;--muted:#727b87;--faint:#454d57;--signal:#9fdcf7;--signal-dim:#9fdcf752;--desync:#e2574c;--serif:"Source Serif 4 Variable", "Iowan Old Style", Georgia, serif;--mono:"IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, Menlo, monospace;--text:37rem;--wide:60rem;--gutter:1.25rem}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{background:var(--void);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{background:radial-gradient(90rem 40rem at 50% -14rem, #78aad212, transparent 70%), var(--void);min-height:100vh;color:var(--ink);font:400 1.125rem/1.65 var(--serif);font-optical-sizing:auto;text-rendering:optimizelegibility;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;flex-direction:column;margin:0;display:flex}main{flex:1;padding-block:3.5rem 6rem}::selection{color:var(--ink-strong);background:#9fdcf740}:focus-visible{outline:1px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:3px}a{color:var(--signal);text-decoration:underline 1px var(--signal-dim);text-underline-offset:.22em;transition:text-decoration-color .12s}a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--signal)}.hud-label{font:500 .6875rem/1.4 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}[hidden]{display:none!important}.sr-only{clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.frame{padding:1rem 1.25rem;position:relative}.frame:before,.frame:after{content:"";border:1px solid var(--line-strong);pointer-events:none;width:.6rem;height:.6rem;transition:border-color .16s;position:absolute}.frame:before{border-bottom:0;border-right:0;top:0;left:0}.frame:after{border-top:0;border-left:0;bottom:0;right:0}.measure{grid-template-columns:[full-start] minmax(var(--gutter), 1fr) [wide-start] minmax(0, calc((var(--wide) - var(--text)) / 2)) [text-start] min(var(--text), 100% - 2 * var(--gutter)) [text-end] minmax(0, calc((var(--wide) - var(--text)) / 2)) [wide-end] minmax(var(--gutter), 1fr) [full-end];display:grid}.measure>*{grid-column:text}.measure>.wide{grid-column:wide}.measure>.full{grid-column:full}.prose>*{margin-block:0 1.15em}.prose h2,.prose h3{color:var(--ink-strong);text-wrap:balance;font-weight:500;line-height:1.25}.prose h2{margin-top:2.4em;font-size:1.5rem}.prose h3{margin-top:2em;font-size:1.2rem}.prose strong{color:var(--ink-strong);font-weight:600}.prose a[href^=http]:after{content:"↗";font:.7em var(--mono);vertical-align:.35em;margin-left:.1em}.wikilink-private{color:inherit}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.3em}.prose li+li{margin-top:.35em}.prose li::marker{color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.85em}.prose blockquote{border-left:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--muted);margin-inline:0;padding-left:1.25rem}.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);width:100%;height:0;margin-block:2.5em}.prose code{font:.84em var(--mono);background:var(--void-raised);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:.1em .3em}.prose pre{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:1rem 1.25rem;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.55;overflow-x:auto}.prose pre code{background:0 0;border:0;padding:0}.prose table{border-collapse:collapse;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;width:100%;font-size:.95rem}.prose th{text-align:left;font:500 .6875rem var(--mono);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}.prose th,.prose td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:.5rem .75rem .5rem 0}.prose .footnotes{border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);margin-top:3rem;padding-top:1rem;font-size:.95rem}.prose sup a{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.75em;text-decoration:none}.prose .sidenote{display:none}@media (width>=70rem){.prose{--sidenote:min(16rem, (100vw - var(--text)) / 2 - 4.5rem)}.prose :has(>.sidenote){position:relative}.prose .sidenote{width:var(--sidenote);color:var(--muted);text-indent:0;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.5;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:calc(100% + 2.5rem)}.prose .footnotes{display:none}}.sidenote-number{font:500 .6875rem var(--mono);color:var(--signal);margin-bottom:.15rem;display:block}.sidenote-paragraph{display:block}.sidenote-paragraph+.sidenote-paragraph{margin-top:.5em}.prose a.citation{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline dotted 1px var(--faint)}.prose a.citation:hover{color:var(--signal);text-decoration-color:var(--signal)}.prose a:is(.term,.question,.lens){text-decoration:underline dotted 1px var(--signal-dim)}.prose a:is(.term,.question,.lens):hover{text-decoration-color:var(--signal)}.prose{counter-reset:figure}.prose figure{counter-increment:figure;margin-inline:0}.prose figure.text,.prose figure.wide{margin-block:1.5em 2em}.prose figure.full{margin-block:2.5em 3em}.prose figure img,.prose figure video{border:1px solid var(--line);width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.prose figure.full img,.prose figure.full video{border-inline:0}.prose figcaption{color:var(--muted);margin-top:.75rem;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.5}.prose figure.full figcaption{max-width:var(--text);padding-inline:var(--gutter);margin-inline:auto}.prose figcaption:before{content:"Fig. " counter(figure, decimal-leading-zero);font:500 .6875rem var(--mono);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-right:.75em}.index-head{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:1rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;display:flex}.index-head h1{color:var(--ink-strong);margin:0;font-size:2rem;font-weight:400}.index-head p{margin:0}.cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(min(22rem,100%),1fr));gap:1.25rem;display:grid}.card{background:var(--void-raised);border:1px solid var(--line);flex-direction:column;padding:1.25rem 1.35rem;scroll-margin-top:2rem;display:flex}.card:target{border-color:var(--line-strong)}.card:target:before,.card:target:after{border-color:var(--signal)}.card-foot{color:var(--faint);margin:auto 0 0;padding-top:.9rem}.card-head{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:.9rem;padding-bottom:.75rem}.card-category{color:var(--signal);margin:0 0 .35rem}.card-title{color:var(--ink-strong);margin:0;font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25}.card-title a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.card-title a:hover{color:var(--signal)}.card-body{font-size:.975rem;line-height:1.6}.card-body>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.card-entry{margin:1rem 0 0}.card-entry a{text-decoration:none}.card-entry a:after{content:" →"}.card-abstract{color:var(--ink);margin:0;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.6}.popup{z-index:20;overscroll-behavior:contain;background:var(--void-raised);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);width:min(34rem,100vw - 24px);max-height:min(30rem,70vh);padding:1.1rem 1.35rem 1.25rem;font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.55;animation:.14s ease-out popup-in;position:absolute;overflow:auto;box-shadow:0 1.5rem 3rem #0000008c}.popup.frame:before,.popup.frame:after{border-color:var(--signal)}.popup-note{width:min(26rem,100vw - 24px)}.popup-card{width:min(24rem,100vw - 24px)}.popup-card .source-reference{color:var(--ink-strong);line-height:1.45}.card-count{color:var(--faint);margin:1.25rem 0 0}.popup .card-count{margin-top:1rem}.popup-item+.popup-item{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:.75rem;padding-top:.75rem}.popup-item p{margin:0}.popup-head{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:1rem;padding-bottom:.9rem}.popup-head:last-child{border-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.popup-meta{align-items:center;gap:.75rem;margin-bottom:.5rem;display:flex}.popup-title{color:var(--ink-strong);font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.25;text-decoration:none;display:block}.popup-title:hover{color:var(--signal)}.popup-summary{color:var(--muted);margin:.35rem 0 0}.popup .prose{display:block}.popup .prose>*{margin-block:0 .9em}.popup .prose h2{margin-top:1.5em;font-size:1.1rem}.popup .prose .sidenote,.pane .prose .sidenote{display:none}.popup .prose .footnotes,.pane .prose .footnotes{display:block}@keyframes popup-in{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(4px)}}body.stacked{height:100dvh;min-height:0;overflow:hidden}body.stacked main{--spine:2.25rem;--pane:calc(var(--spine) + var(--text) + 2 * var(--gutter));overscroll-behavior-x:contain;min-height:0;padding:0;display:flex;overflow:auto hidden}.pane{left:calc(var(--index) * var(--spine));right:calc(var(--from-end) * var(--spine) - var(--pane));flex:0 0 var(--pane);grid-template-columns:var(--spine) minmax(0, 1fr);background:var(--void);box-shadow:-1px 0 0 var(--line), -1.5rem 0 2rem -1.75rem #000000e6;display:grid;position:sticky}.pane+.pane{animation:.22s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) both pane-in}.pane-body{outline:none;padding-block:3.5rem 6rem;transition:opacity .15s;overflow:hidden auto}.pane-spine{border:0;border-right:1px solid var(--line);min-height:0;color:var(--faint);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:1rem;margin:0;padding:1.1rem 0;display:flex}.pane-spine:hover,.pane-marked .pane-spine{color:var(--signal)}.pane-marked .pane-spine{border-right-color:var(--signal-dim)}.pane-spine:focus-visible{outline-offset:-4px}.pane-title{writing-mode:vertical-rl;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis;opacity:0;min-height:0;transition:opacity .15s;overflow:hidden}.pane.folded .pane-title{opacity:1}.pane.folded .pane-spine{color:var(--muted)}.pane.folded .pane-body{opacity:0}@keyframes pane-in{0%{opacity:0;transform:translate(1.5rem)}}@media (width<=63.99rem){.pane:not(:last-child),.pane-spine{display:none}.pane{flex-basis:100%;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}@view-transition{navigation:auto}::view-transition-old(root){animation:.11s ease-in both desync-out}::view-transition-new(root){animation:.28s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) both sync-in}@keyframes desync-out{to{opacity:0;filter:blur(2px)}}@keyframes sync-in{0%{opacity:0;filter:blur(4px);transform:translateY(.4rem)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){::view-transition-group(*),::view-transition-old(*),::view-transition-new(*){animation:none!important}*{transition:none!important}.popup,.pane+.pane{animation:none}}.hud[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{view-transition-name:hud;padding:.9rem var(--gutter);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font:500 .6875rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:1.5rem;display:flex}.hud[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] a[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}.hud[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] a[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]:hover,.hud[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] a[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf][aria-current]{color:var(--ink-strong)}.mark[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{align-items:center;gap:.6rem;display:flex}.mark[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] span[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{color:var(--ink-strong);letter-spacing:.2em}.mark[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] svg[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{fill:none;width:.95rem;height:.95rem;stroke:var(--signal);stroke-width:1px}nav[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf],.group[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.6rem 1.75rem;display:flex}nav[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{gap:.6rem 3.5rem}nav[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] a[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{gap:.5rem;display:flex}.count[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{color:var(--faint);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}nav[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf] a[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf][aria-current] .count[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{color:var(--signal)}@media (width<=34rem){.hud[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:.9rem}nav[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf],.group[data-astro-cid-e6xjdcgf]{gap:.6rem 1.25rem}}